據路透社8月9日報道，由于疫情導致燃料價格和需求大幅下滑，全球五大石油公司第二季度合計將資產價值削減了近500億美元，并大幅削減了產量。

資產估值的大幅下降和產出的下降顯示了第二季度的石油行業的痛苦。全球燃料需求一度下降了30%以上，仍低于疫情爆發前的水平。

幾位高管表示，他們之所以進行巨額減記，是因為預計需求在未來幾個季度仍將繼續受到打擊，原因是目前的全球疫情已導致逾70萬人死亡，人們出行減少，燃油使用量減少。

在這五家公司中，只有埃克森美孚沒有出現大規模減值。但該公司報告稱，正在進行的對其計劃的重新評估可能導致其“很大一部分”資產受損，并預示著其石油和天然氣儲量將減少20%，即44億桶。

相比之下，英國石油公司資產減記170億美元。該公司表示，計劃在未來幾年將投資重點轉向可再生能源，減少對石油和天然氣的投資。

咨詢公司Alarez & Marsal董事總經理Lee Maginniss表示，需求疲軟意味著石油生產商必須重新審視商業計劃。到2021年底，都將是是低成本生產模式，到2022年，在某種程度上，有新的發展計劃正在考慮中。

總部位于倫敦的英國石油公司此前曾表示，計劃到2030年底將總產量從目前的360萬桶油削減約100萬桶。

在這五家石油公司中，埃克森美孚是最大的石油生產商，日產量達364萬桶，但其產量在第一季度和第二季度下降了40.8萬桶/天。包括雪佛龍公司、荷蘭皇家殼牌公司和道達爾在內的五大石油巨頭，在前幾個季度削減了總計250億美元的資本支出。

4月份市場崩盤后，全球原油產量大幅下降。以沙特阿拉伯為首的石油輸出國組織歐佩克與包括俄羅斯在內的盟國同意每日減產近1000萬桶，以平衡市場的供需。

王佳晶 摘譯自 路透社

原文如下：

Oil giants' production cuts come to 1 million bpd as they post massive writedowns

The world’s five largest oil companies collectively cut the value of their assets by nearly $50 billion in the second quarter, and slashed production rates as the coronavirus pandemic caused a drastic fall in fuel prices and demand.

The dramatic reductions in asset valuations and decline in output show the depth of the pain in the second quarter. Fuel demand at one point was down by more than 30% worldwide, and still remains below pre-pandemic levels.

Several executives said they took massive writedowns because they expect demand to remain impaired for several more quarters as people travel less and use less fuel due to the ongoing global pandemic that has killed more than 700,000 people.

Of those five companies, only Exxon Mobil (XOM.N) did not book sizeable impairments. But an ongoing re-evaluation of its plans could lead to a “significant portion” of its assets being impaired, it reported, and signal the elimination of 20% or 4.4 billion barrels of its oil and gas reserves.

By contrast, BP (BP.L) took a $17 billion hit. It said it plans to re-center its spending in coming years around renewables and less on oil and natural gas.

Weak demand means oil producers must revisit business plans, said Lee Maginniss, managing director at consultants Alarez & Marsal. He said the goal should be to pump only what generates cash in excess of overhead costs.

“It’s low-cost production mode through the end of 2021 for sure, and to 2022 to the extent there are new development plans being contemplated,” Maginniss said.

London-based BP has previously said it plans to cut its overall output by roughly 1 million barrels of oil equivalent (boepd) by the end of 2030 from its current 3.6 million boepd.

Of the five, Exxon is the largest producer, with daily output of 3.64 million boepd, but its production dropped 408,000 boepd between the first and second quarters. The five majors, which include Chevron Corp (CVX.N), Royal Dutch Shell (RDSa.L) and Total SA (TOTF.PA), also cut capital expenditures by a combined $25 billion between the quarters.

Crude output worldwide dropped sharply after the market crashed in April. The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, led by Saudi Arabia, along with allies including Russia, agreed to cut output by nearly 10 million barrels a day to balance out supply and demand in the market.